1．
Linguistics:
The scientific study of language; also called linguistic science. Linguistics
covers different approaches and different areas of investigation such as sounds
systems, sentence structure, and etcetera.
2．
Semantics:
A major branch of linguistics devoted to the study of meaning in language. The
term is also used in philosophy and logic, but not with the same range of
meaning or emphasis as in linguistics.
3．
Prescriptive
linguistics: A term used by linguistics to characterize any approach which
attempts to lay down rules of correctness as to how language should be used.
Prescriptivism aims to preserve imagined standards by insisting on norm of
usage and criticizing departures from these norms.
4．
Descriptive
linguistics: It concentrates on establishing the facts of a particular language
system. Its aim is to describe the facts of linguistic usage as they are, and
not how they ought to be, with reference to some imaginated ideal state.
5．
Ethnography:
The study of life and culture of a society or ethnic group, especially by
personal observation.
6．
Ethnolinguistics:
A branch of linguistics which studies language in the relation to the
investigation of ethnic types and behavior.
7．
Sociolinguistics:
A branch of linguistics which studies all aspect of the relation between
language and society.
8．
Generative
grammar: A set of rules whereby permissible sentences may be generated from the
elements of a language.
9．
Universal
grammar: A theory which claims to account for the grammatical competence of
every adult no matter what language he or she speaks.
10. Neurolinguistics: The study of the function the
brain performs in language learning and language use.
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